全文链接： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15206297/2022/38/3 RESEARCH ARTICLESInventory management and loss in beer retailingTimothy J. Richards, Stephen F. Hamilton Plural forms and differentiation strategies in the agri-food sector: Evidence from the U.S. wine industryBruno V. Miranda, Brent Ross, Jason Franken, Miguel Gómez The Swedish consumer market for organic and conventional milk: A demand system analysisHanna Lindström The organic premium of baby food based on market segmentsYuting Liu, Abdoul G. Sam Food retail profits, competition, and the Great RecessionRebecca Cleary, Lauren Chenarides Time-to-completion for mergers and acquisitions in the food and agribusiness industryAdesoji O. Adelaja, Ramyani Mukhopadhyay Inequality aversion and consumer ethnocentrism: Food consumer preferences for payoff distributions to farm producersJasper Grashuis, Ye Su What you see is what you get, and what you don't goes unsold: Choice overload and purchasing heuristics in a horticulture lab experimentAaron Staples, Bridget K. Behe, Patricia Huddleston, Trey Malone Government transfers, COVID-19 shock, and food insecurity: Evidence from rural households in IndiaAnjani Kumar, Ashok K. Mishra, Sunil Saroj, Shahidur Rashid The effects of E-Verify on the share of labor-Intensive and capital-Intensive crops: Evidence from farm-level dataFrida Cruz, Genti Kostandini, Elton Mykerezi, Jeffrey Jordan, Eftila Tanellari Futures–spot price transmission in EU corn marketsCarlotta Penone, Elisa Giampietri, Samuele Trestini Collectivization of smallholder farmers, strategic competition, and market performance: Experiences from two selected villages of West Bengal, IndiaNiladri Sekhar Bagchi, Pulak Mishra, Bhagirath Behera, V. Ratna Reddy LETTERDynamics of industrial concentration and technical inefficiency in the Indonesian food and beverage industryMaman Setiawan, Grigorios Emvalomatis, Alfons Oude Lansink Inventory management and loss in beer retailingTimothy J. Richards Stephen F. HamiltonAbstract：Food waste, or loss, at the wholesale and retail levels accounts for some 40% of the total amount of supply-chain waste. While zero waste is never optimal, there are managerial variables that contribute to the level of loss. In this paper, we use data from a large beverage distributor to estimate the most important causes of loss, and investigate which can be controlled in an economically-viable way. Controlling for a range of important environmental (uncontrollable) variables, we find that competitive pricing, case sets, assortment size, package size, and inefficiency are the most important determinants of loss. However, our most important finding highlights the importance of “discretion over rules” in inventory management as salesforce discretion in delivering less-than-ordered amounts is statistically important and one of the only ways management can directly influence supply-chain loss. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on food and beverage supply-chain sustainability, food loss and waste, and inventory management. As such, our findings are likely to be of interest to both managers in the food and beverage supply chain (manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) and policy makers interested in reducing food and beverage loss and improving food system sustainability. Plural forms and differentiation strategies in the agri-food sector: Evidence from the U.S. wine industryBruno V. Miranda Brent Ross Jason Franken Miguel GómezAbstract：This article investigates how measurement ability, trust, and the pursuit of differentiation strategies influence the adoption of plural forms in an agri-food system. We analyze a unique dataset of 314 winegrape sourcing choices from 74 wineries located in five U.S. states, investigating how the pursuit of differentiation influences the likelihood of adoption of a plural form—that is, the simultaneous adoption of a formal arrangement (i.e., vertical integration or long-term formal contract) and an informal arrangement (i.e., informal contracts or spot-market transactions). Consistent with previous studies, measurement ability and the existence of trust are both associated with a higher likelihood of adoption of informal arrangements in comparison to formal arrangements. Moreover, we show that the likelihood of adoption of a plural form increases as the differentiation potential of a winegrape variety also increases. Finally, we find that the use of plural forms is associated with a reduction in the importance of trust in the relationships with external suppliers. This study is important because it sheds light on the role of plural forms in the pursuit of competitive advantage in an agri-food system. Overall, it suggests that the current interpretations of the idea of “vertical coordination” may be enlarged to encompass a greater deal of organizational diversity. The Swedish consumer market for organic and conventional milk: A demand system analysisHanna LindströmAbstract：Increasing the production of organic food is becoming an important environmental target for many governments, and consumer demand for organic food is pivotal in reaching these targets. This paper studies consumer demand for organic and conventional milk, using weekly scanner data from the Swedish retail market for the years 2011–2017. Own- and cross-price elasticities of demand are estimated using a quadratic almost ideal demand system. While previous studies on this topic show that demand for organic milk is commonly more price elastic than for its conventional alternative, this paper complements previous literature by (i) studying a market with relatively small organic price premiums, (ii) using a highly representative sample of retailers, and (iii) differentiating between private labels and brands. Results show that demand for organic milk is relatively elastic, despite relatively small organic price premiums in the Swedish milk market. Results also show that demand for branded products is, generally, less elastic compared to private label products, suggesting that consumers have strong preferences for traditional, regional brands. The organic premium of baby food based on market segmentsYuting Liu Abdoul G. SamAbstract：Parents may be more attentive to health and safety concerns when purchasing food for their babies due to the fragility of the digestive system of infants and their early stage of growth. The processing of organic baby food involves minimal use of toxic chemicals and synthetic food additives which may be attractive to health-conscious parents. On the other hand, organic baby food is generally more expensive than nonorganic alternatives due to the cost of organic certification. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the price premium that parents are willing to pay for organic baby food and how it varies along several dimensions: organic label, food type based on developmental stage, retail channel, frequency of purchase of organic products, and over time. We apply the hedonic price model to Nielsen consumer panel data to isolate brand effects from the organic effects on product prices. The empirical results show that parents pay 17%–27% more, on average, for organic baby food than conventional alternatives, after controlling for a series of product and market characteristics. Food retail profits, competition, and the Great RecessionRebecca Cleary Lauren ChenaridesAbstract：We investigate the competitive effects of entry in the food retail sector in nonmetropolitan counties in the United States from 1998 to 2014. We pay particular attention to the period that covers the Great Recession, which disrupted market structure across a number of industries. Using a county-level panel dataset, we use a seminal entry model to infer the local competitive effects of entry in the food retail sector. We estimate entry thresholds over time, which we then use to describe the rate of decline in profit margins following subsequent entry via entry threshold ratios. We find that food retail firms required a smaller market size to break even during the Great Recession, perhaps pointing to higher profits, as consumers shifted purchases to food-at-home. This effect is short-lived for all but a single firm. The market threshold required to support a single food retail firm remains low throughout the post-recession recovery period. We also find that the second firm may not decrease profit margins, but that competition increases meaningfully with the third and fourth entrants. The increased competition during the Great Recession also appears to have persisted into the recovery period. Time-to-completion for mergers and acquisitions in the food and agribusiness industryAdesoji O. Adelaja Ramyani MukhopadhyayAbstract：Longer time-to-completion (TTC) increases transaction costs, delays deal benefits, and reduces the probability of meeting transaction objectives in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions. This paper conceptualizes the determinants of TTC and estimates their effects in the food and agribusiness industry (FABI) due to the critical importance of TTC to M&A success and the dearth of existing studies on the industry. We confirm that longer TTC increases the likelihood of deal failure. We also find the following: company-specific factors such as acquirer solvency and leverage reduce TTC; deal complexity factors such as deals involving payment in cash or hard currency conclude faster; deals involving both acquirers and targets from the same country or industry take longer; using legal or financial advisers lengthens TTC; limited transparency or greater risk involved in a deal do not delay financing; deals consumed during a recession take longer; deal size and acquirer history of repeated M&A activities neither accelerate nor delay TTC. Considering the limited existing information on the contributions of various factors to timely deal completion or delays in FABI, our findings are useful in predicting M&A deal duration, costs, and potential for success. Inequality aversion and consumer ethnocentrism: Food consumer preferences for payoff distributions to farm producersJasper Grashuis Ye SuAbstract：There are few empirical explanations for consumer preferences for payoff distributions across the agri-food value chain in terms of psychographic characteristics. In the context of product origin, we contribute to the literature with an incentivized experiment to estimate preferences for payoff distributions among Missouri beef consumers, Missouri beef producers, and non-Missouri beef producers on the basis of inequality aversion and consumer ethnocentrism. According to the results, Missouri beef consumers not only have self-regarding preferences but also other-regarding preferences in case of payoff distributions, in particular toward Missouri beef producers. We explain such preferences from the perspective of consumer ethnocentrism. Specifically, Missouri beef consumers who have a higher degree of state-level ethnocentrism also have a higher degree of aversion to inequalities among themselves and Missouri beef producers. Although few food consumers appear to be highly ethnocentric, there may exist potential to segment on the basis of state-level ethnocentrism. Other implications and research directions are also discussed. What you see is what you get, and what you don't goes unsold: Choice overload and purchasing heuristics in a horticulture lab experimentAaron Staples Bridget K. Behe Patricia Huddleston Trey MaloneAbstract：Though choice overload has been extensively studied in packaged products, fewer studies have explored these phenomena in minimally packaged agribusiness products such as potted plants. This matters as these products are heterogeneous not only across product categories but also within the same plant genus, changing the baseline cognitive load for consumer decision-making. This study uses eye-tracking technology to explore how increases in the number of options presented in potted plant retail displays affects visual attention and consumer choice by expanding cognitive load. In a within-subjects design, participants completed six choice tasks, indicating their likelihood to buy their most preferred alternative. As display size increased, participants ignored a larger percentage of the display, engaged in common choice patterns, and spent a lower percentage of their gaze sequence fixated on their selected alternative. Government transfers, COVID-19 shock, and food insecurity: Evidence from rural households in IndiaAnjani Kumar Ashok K. Mishra Sunil Saroj Shahidur RashidAbstract：The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has decimated the lives and livelihoods of people worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 has been especially devastating for low-income families in rural areas of India. Soon after the nationwide lockdown was announced, food insecurity became pervasive in rural areas, as many families relied on daily wage work to fund necessities. By providing cash transfers and additional foodgrains, Indian policymakers acted swiftly to reduce the financial impact on family income and consumption. This paper investigates the factors affecting rural families' participation in the cash transfer program and the effect of government cash transfers on food insecurity. Results indicate that India's government cash transfer program decreased moderate food insecurity by 2.4% and severe food insecurity by about 0.92%. The effects of E-Verify on the share of labor-Intensive and capital-Intensive crops: Evidence from farm-level dataFrida Cruz Genti Kostandini Elton Mykerezi Jeffrey Jordan Eftila TanellariAbstract：Immigration enforcement policies, such as E-Verify, have a negative effect on the US supply of farm labor. A growing literature finds that agricultural producers in the United States are facing a shrinking labor supply, while only a few studies examine how agricultural producers are adjusting to having less labor. This study examines how a shrinking labor force affects agricultural production decisions, specifically in terms of labor-intensive and capital-intensive crops. With less labor it is more challenging for agricultural producers to produce labor-intensive crops when there is no available technology to substitute for labor. We use E-Verify enforcement laws as a quasi-natural negative labor shock and data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey to examine this issue. We find a decline in the production of labor-intensive crops and an increase in the production of capital-intensive crops in the states that have enforced “strong” E-Verify laws. Based on our results, the opposite is true for “weak” E-Verify states. Futures–spot price transmission in EU corn marketsCarlotta Penone Elisa Giampietri Samuele TrestiniAbstract：Price transmission between futures and spot prices is a relevant issue, dealing with derivatives exchange for price management practices and efficient price discovery. Indeed, due to the increased market orientation of the Common Agricultural Policy, the development of new market strategies is of utmost importance for European farmers. In this context, this study examines the degree of transmission for the corn commodity between global futures price in either the Chicago Board of Trade or Euronext and the spot prices for a selection of Member States of the European Union. This study provides critical insights into the shape of the futures–spot price transmission, confirming a long-run relationship and a cointegrating behaviour of price sets. Collectivization of smallholder farmers, strategic competition, and market performance: Experiences from two selected villages of West Bengal, IndiaNiladri Sekhar Bagchi Pulak Mishra Bhagirath Behera V. Ratna ReddyAbstract：Given the structure and functioning of agricultural markets and the policies and institutional space, smallholder farmers in India often face the risks of strategic failures, which force them to either opt for distress selling, operate as fringe retailers or participate in the existing supply or value chains on given conditions. In this perspective, this paper examines if smallholder farmers' collectives can potentially strengthen their market position vis-à-vis other individual players and enable them to explore strategic options in a greater way. On the basis of the structure–conduct–performance theory and field experiences from two selected villages of West Bengal (India), the paper finds that the collectivization of smallholder farmers helps in exploring a larger set of strategic options for better outcomes. Further, the choice of the strategy set varies across the collectives depending on their composition, functioning, and resource endowments. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of strategic failures because of intra- as well as intercollective conflicts and competition from other players. The success in this regard would, therefore, depend on how the collectives democratically resolve such conflicts and develop capacity and capabilities to enhance their competitiveness for greater strategic success. Besides, addressing market imperfections through policy and institutional interventions would also be crucial.